Oba Dosunmu: The Monarch Who Signed Away Lagos
Early Life and Ascension
Oba Dosunmu, also known as Docemo, ascended the throne in 1853 following the death of his predecessor and uncle, Oba Akitoye. Dosunmu inherited a kingdom already under increasing British influence, with the abolition of the slave trade and the rising dominance of legitimate commerce. His reign marked a defining period in Lagos' history, culminating in the formal cession of Lagos to the British Crown.
Reign and Key Achievements (1853–1885)
1. The Lagos Treaty of Cession (1861)
- Ceding Lagos to Britain: On August 6, 1861, under pressure from the British, Oba Dosunmu signed the Treaty of Cession, formally transferring sovereignty of Lagos to the British Crown.
- Preservation of the Monarchy: Despite the cession, Dosunmu ensured the continuation of the Obaship, albeit in a largely ceremonial role.
- Economic Implications: The treaty opened Lagos to increased European investment and trade, transforming the city into a colonial administrative hub.
2. Promotion of Legitimate Trade
- Economic Transition: Dosunmu supported the development of legitimate trade, encouraging the export of goods such as palm oil, cotton, and textiles.
- Trade Infrastructure: His reign saw the improvement of trade routes and the influx of European merchants, solidifying Lagos' position as a commercial hub in West Africa.
3. Governance and Diplomacy
- Navigating British Authority: Dosunmu worked to balance his role as a traditional leader with the demands of the British colonial administration.
- Chiefly Relations: He maintained strong relationships with the Idejo chiefs and other traditional leaders, ensuring their continued influence within the colonial framework.
4. Cultural Leadership
- Custodian of Traditions: Despite British dominance, Dosunmu upheld Lagosian customs, traditions, and festivals, preserving the cultural identity of his people.
- Spiritual Leadership: He continued to provide spiritual guidance, consulting traditional deities and the Ifá oracle in his decisions.
Challenges During His Reign
- Loss of Sovereignty: The cession of Lagos effectively reduced the Oba's authority, with real power shifting to the British colonial government.
- Colonial Exploitation: The increasing control of resources and trade by British interests often marginalized local merchants and traditional authorities.
- Tensions with Chiefs: The shift in governance occasionally led to disputes between the monarchy, the chiefs, and the colonial administration.
End of Reign and Succession
Oba Dosunmu passed away in 1885 after a reign that spanned over three decades. His death marked the end of an era, as Lagos continued to evolve under British colonial rule. He was succeeded by Oba Oyekan I, who inherited a city deeply entrenched in the colonial system.
Legacy and Significance
- Architect of Modern Lagos: Though controversial, Dosunmu's role in ceding Lagos to Britain laid the groundwork for the city's development into a modern metropolis and commercial center.
- Symbol of Resilience: Despite the loss of sovereignty, Dosunmu's leadership ensured the survival of Lagos' cultural and traditional identity during a period of profound change.
- Catalyst for Economic Growth: By embracing legitimate trade, Dosunmu helped Lagos transition into a global trading hub, positioning it as a key player in West Africa's economic landscape.
- Historical Turning Point: The signing of the Lagos Treaty of Cession marked the beginning of colonial rule, transforming Lagos from a traditional kingdom to a British colonial stronghold.
Conclusion
Oba Dosunmu's reign was a defining chapter in Lagos' history. While the cession of Lagos remains a contentious decision, his efforts to preserve the monarchy and promote economic progress underscore his legacy as a pragmatic leader navigating a rapidly changing world.